Patient guide

Tooth Pain

Tooth pain is a pattern, not a single diagnosis. This page helps you identify common patterns and take a calm next step.

Last updated: February 2026

Quick answer

Tooth pain commonly comes from one of four patterns: decay irritation, crack stress, bite overload, or infection.

Call today if:

  • Pain wakes you up
  • Facial swelling is present
  • Fever occurs
  • Swallowing feels difficult
  • Pain is rapidly worsening
Clinical definition

Tooth pain is discomfort arising from irritation or inflammation of the pulp, the surrounding ligament, or supporting bone. It may be triggered by temperature, pressure, infection, fracture, or cumulative bite stress.

Pain intensity alone does not determine severity. Pattern and duration matter more than volume.

Common patterns and what they can mean

PatternOften related toUrgent
Sharp pain when bitingCrack, high bite point, compromised fillingUsually no
Cold sensitivity that lingersDentin exposure, early decay, irritationSometimes
Hot sensitivity that lingersInflamed pulp, deeper irritationOften yes
Throbbing, pressure, night painDeeper inflammation, possible infectionOften yes
Swelling with painInfection or flare-upYes

Patterns guide urgency. The goal is to identify what is driving the pain before options narrow.

Red flags (act promptly)
  • Swelling that spreads
  • Severe pain lasting hours without relief
  • Pain with fever
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing
Often monitorable patterns
  • Brief cold sensitivity
  • Mild pressure soreness
  • Occasional chewing discomfort
  • Short term gum irritation

Is this urgent

More urgent patterns include:

  • Night pain that does not let you sleep
  • Swelling that is spreading
  • Fever or feeling sick
  • Severe pressure pain that is increasing

Mild pain that comes and goes often allows time for evaluation. The key is not to wait until the pain becomes constant.

Tooth pain when biting

Pain on biting often points to structure or bite load. Common causes include a crack, a high bite point, or a compromised restoration.

If it is sharp on one specific bite point, do not ignore it.

Tooth pain with cold or hot

Cold discomfort can happen when dentin becomes exposed. Hot pain can matter because it may suggest deeper irritation.

If hot pain is strong or lingering, evaluation should not be delayed.

Tooth pain that comes and goes

Intermittent pain can happen when inflammation is early or when a trigger is not constant. It can also happen with cracks that only activate under certain forces.

When pain is becoming easier to trigger over time, that usually means progression.

Tooth pain worse at night

Night pain often matters because it suggests deeper irritation. In quiet conditions, pressure or throbbing can become more noticeable.

If night pain is consistent, evaluation should not be delayed.

Tooth pain after dental work

Temporary sensitivity can happen after fillings, cleanings, or bite adjustments. It should trend better, not worse.

If pain increases over days, or biting becomes sharp, it is worth rechecking the bite and structure.

Tooth pain but no obvious cavity

Sometimes pain is driven by bite overload, a small crack, gum inflammation, or irritation under an old restoration.

When the cause is not obvious, calm evaluation protects options. Guessing often leads to repeated dentistry.

Tooth pain that feels like sinus pressure

Upper back teeth can feel sore when the sinus area is inflamed. The important step is to confirm whether the tooth itself is involved.

If pain is one sided, triggered by biting, or accompanied by swelling, it should be evaluated.

What we evaluate

Tooth pain is not treated well by guessing. We identify the pattern and evaluate long term stability.

Remaining structure
How much healthy tooth remains
We look at what is still strong and what is already compromised.
Deep decay or infection
Whether the pulp or bone is involved
Swelling, lingering heat pain, and radiographs help clarify depth and spread.
Crack risk and bite load
Whether force is driving the pain
Sharp biting pain and repeated failures often reflect load landing in weak zones.
Conservative stability
Whether we can stabilize without escalation
The goal is to protect options and avoid irreversible treatment when it is not necessary.

If you want the deeper decision layer, our Structural Decision Framework explains how we evaluate stability before irreversible treatment.

What to do now

If pain is mild:

  • Avoid chewing on that side
  • Avoid very cold or very hard foods
  • Schedule a visit for evaluation

If pain is severe or swelling is present:

  • Call us
  • Do not wait for it to go away on its own

Frequently asked questions

Does tooth pain always mean infection
No. Tooth pain can come from sensitivity, bite stress, cracks, or inflammation. Infection is one possible cause, especially when swelling or fever is present.
If tooth pain stops, is the problem gone
Not always. Symptoms can fluctuate while the underlying issue remains. If pain returns or worsens, evaluation protects options.
Why does my tooth hurt when I bite down
Pain on biting often relates to a crack, a high bite point, or a compromised restoration. The next step is to check structure and bite load.
A calm next step
Clarity first. Then decisions.
If you are not sure what is causing the pain, start with a calm evaluation. We will explain what we see and what options protect long term stability.
We do not recommend irreversible treatment based on symptoms alone. Structure, force, and long term stability must be evaluated first.
If you want the decision logic

These scenarios show how thresholds shift when structure changes over time under force.