Clinical guide
Last updated: February 2026

Dental Fillings

A dental filling is a structural repair. It is not a quick fix.

Not all cases are the same. Stability depends on foundation, force, timing, and maintenance.

Procedure definition

A filling is a structural repair, not a diagnosis.

The plan matters more than the material.

An exam confirms foundation limits and long term risk. That is what protects options.

Call today vs urgent medical evaluation

Call today if
  • Pain is rapidly worsening
  • You have biting pain that started suddenly
  • You feel drainage or a bad taste with pressure
  • You notice swelling starting near the tooth
  • You recently had dental work and symptoms are escalating
Urgent medical evaluation if
  • Swelling is spreading into the face or neck
  • Fever occurs or you feel sick
  • Swallowing feels difficult
  • Breathing feels affected

This page helps you understand filling decisions. It does not replace an exam. If you are unsure, a calm evaluation is the right move.

Common situations and what they can mean

SituationCommon reasonUrgencyStructural risk
A small cavity that was caught earlyDecay is limited and structure reserve is still strongSchedule evaluationLOW
Replacing an old filling that is leakingMarginal leakage, recurrent decay, or breakdown over timeSchedule evaluationMEDIUM
The filling is large and close to the nerveDeep decay or a past large restoration reduced structure reserveSchedule evaluationHIGH
Pain when biting after a fillingHigh bite contact, crack risk, or inflammation in the ligamentCall todayMEDIUM
Sensitivity to cold after a fillingNormal healing window, bonding sensitivity, or nerve irritationMonitorLOW
A filling keeps chipping or falling outForce overload, thin remaining tooth walls, or crack progressionSchedule evaluationHIGH
Food traps around the fillingOpen contact, contour issues, or margin breakdownSchedule evaluationMEDIUM
Swelling or drainage near the toothInfection risk needs evaluation and control firstCall todayHIGH
You have spreading swelling or feverMedical urgency comes before planning dentistryUrgent medical evaluationHIGH

Situations guide planning. The exam confirms foundation limits. Guessing often creates repeat dentistry and higher maintenance.

Small fillings vs large fillings

Small fillings can be stable when decay is limited and the tooth still has strong structure reserve.

Do not treat a large filling like a small filling decision.

We look at remaining tooth walls, where force lands, and whether the tooth is already on a crack pathway.

Timing matters more than people think

Early care can keep dentistry small. Waiting can turn a small repair into a bigger structural compromise.

If the tooth is changing fast, do not wait for symptoms to get loud.

We evaluate progression risk, decay activity, and whether the tooth is losing options with time.

Force and bite stability

Fillings fail faster when force concentrates on thin tooth walls or on a weak zone. This is common in clenching and grinding.

If you chip fillings repeatedly, force is part of the diagnosis.

We check bite contacts, guidance, and whether protection is needed to reduce overload.

Margins, decay risk, and sealing

Many failures start at the edges. When margins are hard to keep clean, recurrent decay becomes the long term risk.

A perfect filling in a high decay environment still fails.

We evaluate margin position, hygiene access, and your personal decay risk factors.

Material is not the main decision

Material matters, but it is rarely the main reason a filling fails. The main drivers are structure reserve, force, and margin risk.

The plan matters more than the material.

We match material choice to the tooth, the load, and the margin environment so the repair fits the system.

When a crown is the more stable path

When structure reserve is thin, a filling can become a patch that repeats. A crown can protect the tooth when cracks and thin walls make a filling less predictable.

If the tooth is already breaking down, a bigger repair can be the safer choice.

We evaluate cusp support, crack risk, bite forces, and long term stability before choosing an irreversible step.

What we evaluate (Structure, Force, Time, Stability)

We do not choose fillings well by guessing. We evaluate structure reserve, force patterns, the timeline, and long term maintenance reality.

Structure
What remains strong
We assess remaining tooth walls, cusp support, and crack risk. Structure sets the ceiling for filling stability.
The decision changes when reserve is thin and failure would predictably repeat.
Force
Where load is landing
We check bite contacts and whether force is concentrating on a weak zone.
The decision changes when overload would drive cracking or repeated breakage.
Time
Trend and progression
We look at whether decay is active and whether waiting increases complexity.
The decision changes when timing reduces predictable options.
Stability
The cleanest durable path
We plan for stable margins, realistic maintenance, and check points over years.
The decision changes when repeat dentistry would be the predictable outcome.

If you want the deeper decision layer, our Structural Decision Framework explains how we evaluate stability before irreversible treatment.

Why acting too fast can be harmful

Fillings seem simple. That can create false confidence.

We do not recommend irreversible treatment based on symptoms alone.

We confirm first. Then we choose the cleanest next step. That is how you avoid repeat dentistry and protect future options.

What you can do right now

If it is not urgent:

  • Keep the area clean and reduce sugar frequency
  • Avoid biting hard on a sensitive tooth
  • Schedule a visit for evaluation

Track these details before your visit:

  • What changed: cold sensitivity, biting pain, food trap, chipping
  • What triggers pain: cold, sweet, pressure, or spontaneous
  • Whether symptoms are getting easier to trigger over time

If pain is severe or swelling is present:

  • Call us
  • Do not wait for it to go away on its own

Frequently asked questions

Do I really need a filling
Sometimes, yes. The goal is to stop decay while the tooth still has strong structure reserve. When decay stays small, a filling can be stable and simple. When decay is deeper or structure is thin, a filling can become a temporary patch that leads to repeat dentistry.
Is a filling a permanent fix
Nothing is permanent. Fillings can last a long time when structure is strong, force is controlled, and margins stay clean. Failures often show up when decay returns at the edges, when force concentrates on thin tooth walls, or when cracks progress under the surface.
How do I know if a filling should be a crown instead
It depends on how much tooth structure is left and where force lands. A large filling in a high load zone can raise crack risk and future failure risk. A crown can be the more stable choice when structure reserve is thin and you need long term protection.
Why does my tooth hurt when biting after a filling
Common reasons include a bite contact that is slightly high, inflammation in the ligament, or a crack that was already present and became more noticeable. If biting pain is strong or worsening, do not wait. An evaluation can prevent a small issue from turning into a larger failure.
Is sensitivity to cold normal after a filling
Sometimes. Many teeth settle down as the nerve calms and the bite stabilizes. If cold sensitivity is getting worse, lasts longer, or turns into lingering pain, it can signal deeper nerve stress or a crack pattern that needs a different plan.
What are the main risks of large fillings
The main risks are cracking over time, recurrent decay at the margins, and nerve irritation that can lead to root canal treatment. Large fillings can be the start of an escalation pathway if the plan does not protect structure and force stability.
What should I do if I have swelling or fever
If swelling is spreading, fever is present, swallowing feels difficult, or breathing feels affected, treat it as urgent. Call promptly and seek urgent medical evaluation if symptoms escalate. Dentistry planning can wait until safety is addressed.
A calm next step
Clarity first. Then decisions.
If you are deciding between a filling, a crown, or a pause, start with a calm evaluation. We will explain what we see and what protects long term stability.
We do not recommend irreversible treatment based on symptoms alone. Structure, force, time, and long term stability must be evaluated first.
If you want the decision logic

These scenarios show how thresholds shift when structure changes over time under force.